NOTE 8 - DERIVATIVE WARRANTS LIABILITY

The Company allocated approximately $19,655, $244,000 and $168,000, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2016 and 2015, respectively, of proceeds from its units that were issued under Private Placement transactions to the fair value of 600,000, 4,518,406 and 3,106,000 warrants issued during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2016 and 2015, respectively. These warrants were classified as financial liability because of provisions in such warrants that allow for the net cash settlement of such warrants in the event of certain fundamental transactions, as defined in the warrant agreement (some of which are not considered solely within the control of the Company).

In addition, the Company allocated approximately $205,075 for the year ended December 31, 2019, of proceeds from its units that were issued under convertible bridge loans transactions to the fair value of First Warrant issued during the year ended December 31, 2019 (see also Note 7). In addition, the Company has an obligation to issue warrants in total amount of $80,000 to the placement agent in connection with the convertible bridge loans transactions (see also Note 7). These warrants are classified as financial liability because of provisions in such warrants that that permit the holders to receive a variable number of shares of common stock upon exercise (see also Note 2S).

The remaining outstanding warrants and terms as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:

Since certain conditions in the warrant agreements do not meet the specific conditions for equity classification, the Company is required to classify the fair value of these warrants as a non-current financial liability, with changes in fair value to be recorded as income (loss) due to change in fair value of warrant liability. The estimated fair value of derivative warrant liability at December 31, 2019 and 2018, was $752,309 and $28,525, respectively.

As quoted prices in active markets for identical or similar warrants are not available, the Company uses directly observable inputs in the valuation of its derivative warrant liabilities (level 3 measurement).

The Company uses the Black-Scholes valuation model to estimate fair value of these warrants. In using this model, the Company makes certain assumptions about risk-free interest rates, dividend yields, expected stock price volatility, expected term of the warrants and other assumptions. Expected volatility was calculated based upon historical volatility of peer companies in the same industry on weekly basis since the marketability of the Company is considered low. Risk-free interest rates are derived from the yield on U.S. Treasury debt securities. Dividend yields are based on historical dividend payments, which have been zero to date. The expected term of the warrants is based on the time to expiration of the warrants from the measurement date.

In April 2017, the Company offered to the warrants holders to lower the warrants' exercise price from $0.5 per share to $0.4 per share for 8 weeks period. As a result of such offer, in May 2017, certain holders exercised 1,665,000 warrants into the same number of ordinary shares for cash consideration of $666,000. The inducement fair value was measured in an amount of $166,500 which was recognized as financing expense in accompanying Company’s Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2017. As of the exercise date, the fair value of the warrants exercised which amounted to $297,200 (after the effect of the inducement) was reclassified to equity rather than derivative warrant liabilities.

In May 2018, the Company offered to the warrants holders an option to convert 25% of the warrants into shares in exchange for extending the period exercise of their warrants for an additional 3 years. As a result of such offer, in May 2018, certain holders exercised 722,500 warrants into the same number of Ordinary Shares for gross cash consideration of $361,250 (see also Note 10C4). During the year ended December 31, 2019, stock warrants have not been exercised.

The following table summarizes the observable inputs used in the valuation of the derivative warrant liabilities as of December 31, 2019 and 2018: